As an active portfolio manager, I’m often asked if my goal is to achieve absolute returns. Meaning to strive for positive results no matter what the stock or bond markets are doing.

On the surface this seems like an obvious goal that everyone should be trying to achieve. I mean who wants to ride out years like 2008 when you can move to cash, add short positions, or otherwise reduce your risk profile during the falling market?

These types of unconventional strategies often employ concentrated positions, aggressive risk management techniques, or high allocations to cash. In addition, they can often seek out non-correlated holdings in alternative assets or sophisticated trading strategies.

Hedge funds are famous for this manner of investing, but they aren’t the only ones to try and move away from a relative return versus a benchmark. Many investment advisors, mutual funds, traders, and other professional investors also try to accomplish the same feat.

In my opinion, the biggest upside to this style of investing is that you have the potential to significantly outperform your peers during a sharp correction or even prolonged bear market. Yet the obvious and more important downside is that you can have atrocious performance during big up years in the market.

According to the website Barclay Hedge, which tracks a range of hedge funds, the average return in 2013 was a gain of just 11.12% versus 32.27% in the iShares S&P 500 ETF (IVV). Even a traditional 60/40 stock and bond mix such as the iShares Core Growth Allocation ETF (AOR) did 15.88% that year. In fact, AOR has beat the Barclay Hedge Fund Index every year since 2011.

Obviously fees are going to play a big part in the hedge fund underperformance story and there is a big embedded disclaimer that each hedge fund should be independently evaluated for their own merits. However, the more important concept to grasp is the risk versus reward of non-correlated investment strategies. They are often times filled with unfulfilled potential and marketing buzzwords that fall short in real life practice.